Resumo:
Complexa, multidimensional, multicausal e de construção cotidiana, a violência contra
mulheres se configura como uma das formas de violações de direitos humanos que
atinge as mulheres independente da raça, cor, religião, condição social ou cultural.
Pautada em uma diferença simbólica de divisão de gêneros socialmente e culturalmente
construída, este tipo de violência se caracteriza como um problema de Saúde Pública
que deve ser abordado tanto na esfera pública, quanto na privada. Levando em
consideração a abrangência deste fenômeno, leis e ações estatais, em todo o mundo,
foram delineadas buscando promover a assistência e garantia de direitos aos envolvidos
em situação de violência. Destas ações propostas e previstas, existem as ações com
homens autores de violência. No caso do Brasil, previstos nos artigos 35 e 4 da
leiconhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, os grupos reflexivos são considerados uma
medida que promove o atendimento a homens autores de violência. Destas ações
propostas e previstas, existem as ações com homens autores de violência. No caso do
Brasil, previstos nos artigos 35 e 4 da leiconhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, os grupos
reflexivos são considerados uma medida que promove o atendimento a homens autores
de violência. Partindo desse pressuposto, esta dissertação teve como objetivo principal
fazer reflexões acerca da ética, moralidade e sentidos de família presentes nas narrativas
de homens autores de violência que justificam a ação violenta. Para tal, foram
analisadas as narrativas de homens autores de violência participantes de um grupo
reflexivo em Blumenau- Santa Catarina. Em termos epistemológicos, a pesquisa
centrou-se nos pressupostos do Construcionismo Social e utilizou também os estudos
pós-estruturalistas de análise de gênero e os estudos sobre masculinidades para compor
uma compreensão mais ampliada sobre o objeto estudado. Respeitando as diferenças
teóricas e epistemológicas destas abordagens, a metodologia de pesquisa elegida foi de
base qualitativa e entrevistas semi-estruturadas foi o instrumento utilizado para a
realização do estudo. Ainda, a pesquisa baseou-se na técnica da análise das narrativas.
Com isso, organizados e analisados os dados com o auxílio do software Atlas/ti 8.0 e
baseando-se na Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory), três categorias de análise
foram moldadas: a) A trajetória pessoal relatada e o entendimento de si e do Outro; b)
Sentidos produzidos acerca das categorias: "mulher", "homem" e "família” e c)
Reflexões acerca da ética, moralidade, masculinidades e sentidos de família que criam
justificativas para a ação violenta. A partir do material estudado, foi possível identificar,
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nas narrativas das falas dos participantes, “éticas justas” relacionadas a tramas
narrativas, relacionais e de sentidos sobre as concepções de si, do masculino, do
feminino e da família que se configuraram como justificativas morais e éticas para o ato
violento. Exemplo disso foi a fala de um dos participantes que dizia que as mulheres
“estão sendo quebradas, estupradas” em razão da escolha de suas vestimentas. Ainda,
enfatiza-se que a utilização de abordagens críticas acerca do gênero e sobre os estudos
sobre masculinidades possibilitou a evidência de temas relevantes, como a necessidade
de (re)negociação de sentidos e estigmas cristalizantes relativos à violência contra as
mulheres, movimento este que pode promover a transformação subjetiva dos sujeitos
envolvidos em uma situação em que há a violência.
Abstract:
Being complex, multidimensional, multicausal and a daily construction, violence
against women is one of the forms of human rights violations that affects women
regardless of race, color, religion, social or cultural status. Based on a symbolic
difference of genders, socially and culturally constructed, this type of violence is
characterized as a Public Health Problem, so it need to be analysed in both public and
private spheres. Considering the comprehensiveness of this phenomenon, laws and state
actions were outlined around the world to promote assistance and guarantee of rights
to those involved in situations of violence. Of these proposed and foreseen actions, there
are the ones regarding men who committed violence. In the case of Brazil, in the
articles 35 and 4 of the law known as “Lei Maria da Penha”, reflexive groups are
considered a measure that promotes attendance to men who commit violence against
women. Based of this assumption, this dissertation had the main objective to make
reflections about ethic, morality and family in narratives of men who commit violence
against women that justify the violent action. For that, the narratives of male
perpetrators of a reflexive group in Blumenau city were analyzed. In epistemological
terms, this research focused on the presuppositions of the social constructionism and
also used post-structuralism studies of gender analysis and studies of masculinities to
compose a larger view of the object studied. Respecting the theoretical and
epistemological differences of this approaches, the chosen research methodology was
qualitative and semi-structured interviews was the instrument used to carry out the
study. Still, the research was based on the narrative analysis technique. The data were
organized and analyzed using the Atlas / ti 8.0 software and based on Grounded Theory,
three categories of analysis were modeled: a) The reported personal trajectory and the
understanding of self and the Other ; b) Senses produced about the categories:
"woman", "man" and "family"; and c) Reflections about ethics, morality, masculinities
and family meanings that create justifications for violent action. From the material
studied, it was possible to identify, in the narratives of the participants' speeches, "fair
ethics" related to narrative, relational and sense frames about the conceptions of self,
masculine, feminine and family that were configured as moral and ethical justifications
for violent act. An example of this was the speech of one of the participants who said
that women "are being broken, raped" because of the choice of their clothes. Also, is
necessary to emphasize that the use of critical approaches to gender and studies on
14
masculinities has made possible to evidence relevant themes, such as the need for (re)
negotiation of senses and crystallizing stigmas related to violence against women, that
can promote the subjective transformation of the subjects involved in a situation where
there is violence.Being complex, multidimensional, multicausal and a daily construction, violence
against women is one of the forms of human rights violations that affects women
regardless of race, color, religion, social or cultural status. Based on a symbolic
difference of genders, socially and culturally constructed, this type of violence is
characterized as a Public Health Problem, so it need to be analysed in both public and
private spheres. Considering the comprehensiveness of this phenomenon, laws and state
actions were outlined around the world to promote assistance and guarantee of rights
to those involved in situations of violence. Of these proposed and foreseen actions, there
are the ones regarding men who committed violence. In the case of Brazil, in the
articles 35 and 4 of the law known as “Lei Maria da Penha”, reflexive groups are
considered a measure that promotes attendance to men who commit violence against
women. Based of this assumption, this dissertation had the main objective to make
reflections about ethic, morality and family in narratives of men who commit violence
against women that justify the violent action. For that, the narratives of male
perpetrators of a reflexive group in Blumenau city were analyzed. In epistemological
terms, this research focused on the presuppositions of the social constructionism and
also used post-structuralism studies of gender analysis and studies of masculinities to
compose a larger view of the object studied. Respecting the theoretical and
epistemological differences of this approaches, the chosen research methodology was
qualitative and semi-structured interviews was the instrument used to carry out the
study. Still, the research was based on the narrative analysis technique. The data were
organized and analyzed using the Atlas / ti 8.0 software and based on Grounded Theory,
three categories of analysis were modeled: a) The reported personal trajectory and the
understanding of self and the Other ; b) Senses produced about the categories:
"woman", "man" and "family"; and c) Reflections about ethics, morality, masculinities
and family meanings that create justifications for violent action. From the material
studied, it was possible to identify, in the narratives of the participants' speeches, "fair
ethics" related to narrative, relational and sense frames about the conceptions of self,
masculine, feminine and family that were configured as moral and ethical justifications
for violent act. An example of this was the speech of one of the participants who said
that women "are being broken, raped" because of the choice of their clothes. Also, is
necessary to emphasize that the use of critical approaches to gender and studies on
14
masculinities has made possible to evidence relevant themes, such as the need for (re)
negotiation of senses and crystallizing stigmas related to violence against women, that
can promote the subjective transformation of the subjects involved in a situation where
there is violence.Being complex, multidimensional, multicausal and a daily construction, violence
against women is one of the forms of human rights violations that affects women
regardless of race, color, religion, social or cultural status. Based on a symbolic
difference of genders, socially and culturally constructed, this type of violence is
characterized as a Public Health Problem, so it need to be analysed in both public and
private spheres. Considering the comprehensiveness of this phenomenon, laws and state
actions were outlined around the world to promote assistance and guarantee of rights
to those involved in situations of violence. Of these proposed and foreseen actions, there
are the ones regarding men who committed violence. In the case of Brazil, in the
articles 35 and 4 of the law known as “Lei Maria da Penha”, reflexive groups are
considered a measure that promotes attendance to men who commit violence against
women. Based of this assumption, this dissertation had the main objective to make
reflections about ethic, morality and family in narratives of men who commit violence
against women that justify the violent action. For that, the narratives of male
perpetrators of a reflexive group in Blumenau city were analyzed. In epistemological
terms, this research focused on the presuppositions of the social constructionism and
also used post-structuralism studies of gender analysis and studies of masculinities to
compose a larger view of the object studied. Respecting the theoretical and
epistemological differences of this approaches, the chosen research methodology was
qualitative and semi-structured interviews was the instrument used to carry out the
study. Still, the research was based on the narrative analysis technique. The data were
organized and analyzed using the Atlas / ti 8.0 software and based on Grounded Theory,
three categories of analysis were modeled: a) The reported personal trajectory and the
understanding of self and the Other ; b) Senses produced about the categories:
"woman", "man" and "family"; and c) Reflections about ethics, morality, masculinities
and family meanings that create justifications for violent action. From the material
studied, it was possible to identify, in the narratives of the participants' speeches, "fair
ethics" related to narrative, relational and sense frames about the conceptions of self,
masculine, feminine and family that were configured as moral and ethical justifications
for violent act. An example of this was the speech of one of the participants who said
that women "are being broken, raped" because of the choice of their clothes. Also, is
necessary to emphasize that the use of critical approaches to gender and studies on
14
masculinities has made possible to evidence relevant themes, such as the need for (re)
negotiation of senses and crystallizing stigmas related to violence against women, that
can promote the subjective transformation of the subjects involved in a situation where
there is violence.